Embark on a journey to master the art of counting in American Sign Language (ASL) with our comprehensive guide on How to Count from 1 to 20 in ASL. This exploration delves into the fundamental principles and unique formations of ASL number signs, offering clarity and practical instruction for learners of all levels. We will navigate the common hurdles faced by newcomers and provide a structured approach to building proficiency, ensuring a rewarding learning experience.
Understanding the importance of ASL numbers extends beyond simple enumeration; it opens doors to richer communication and cultural appreciation within the Deaf community. Our guide meticulously breaks down each number from 1 to 20, detailing specific handshapes, movements, and orientations. Whether you are a beginner or looking to refine your skills, this resource provides the essential building blocks for confident and accurate signing.
Introduction to ASL Number Signs (1-20)
Learning to count in American Sign Language (ASL) is a fundamental skill that opens doors to communication and understanding within the Deaf community. Mastering numbers 1 through 20 is a crucial first step, enabling you to engage in basic transactions, express quantities, and participate in everyday conversations. This section will introduce you to the significance of ASL numbers, the general principles behind their formation, and common hurdles new learners encounter.The ability to use ASL numbers effectively is more than just a linguistic exercise; it is a bridge.
It allows for clear and concise communication in various situations, from ordering food and asking for prices to identifying people and expressing age. In a visual language like ASL, numbers have their own distinct forms, and understanding these forms is key to fluent interaction.
General Principles of ASL Number Formation (1-20)
ASL numbers from 1 to 20 are formed using specific handshapes and movements. While there are distinct signs for each number, some patterns emerge that can aid in memorization. Numbers 1 through 5 are typically formed with the palm facing outward, with the number of fingers extended corresponding to the digit. As you move into double digits, the formation often involves a combination of handshapes and a distinct movement, usually a twist of the wrist.
Understanding these foundational principles is essential before diving into individual signs.
Common Challenges in Learning ASL Numbers
Many learners find that mastering ASL numbers presents a unique set of challenges. One of the primary difficulties is the transition from the familiar spoken number system to the visual and manual nature of ASL. The speed at which numbers are often signed can also be intimidating, making it hard to discern individual handshapes and movements.
- Handshape Accuracy: Ensuring the correct handshape for each number is paramount. Slight variations can lead to misinterpretation. For instance, the difference between a ‘4’ and a ‘9’ is subtle but crucial.
- Movement Consistency: For numbers beyond 5, the specific wrist movement is critical. Learners often struggle to replicate the exact twist or direction required for each sign, especially in rapid signing.
- Palm Orientation: While palms often face outward for numbers 1-5, this can vary for other numbers. Maintaining the correct palm orientation throughout the signing of a number is important for clarity.
- Distinguishing Similar Signs: Some number signs can appear visually similar, especially to a beginner’s eye. For example, ‘6’ and ‘7’ share some similarities in handshape, requiring careful attention to the subtle differences in finger positioning and movement.
- Memorization of Double Digits: Numbers 10 through 20 have distinct signs that require dedicated memorization. Unlike single digits where the number of fingers often corresponds to the value, these require learning entirely new handshapes and movements.
Overcoming these challenges requires consistent practice, focused observation, and patience. Breaking down the numbers into smaller groups and practicing them repeatedly will build muscle memory and recognition.
Demonstrating Numbers 1-5 in ASL
Now that we understand the importance of ASL numbers, let’s dive into the visual language of counting from one to five. These initial numbers form the foundation for more complex numerical expressions in American Sign Language. Mastering these basic signs will provide a solid starting point for your ASL journey.We will now break down each of these fundamental number signs, focusing on the precise handshape, movement, and orientation required for clear and accurate communication.
Understanding these details is crucial for effective signing.
ASL Sign for ‘1’
The sign for the number ‘1’ in American Sign Language is straightforward and intuitive. It is formed with a single, extended finger.To form the sign for ‘1’:
- Begin with your dominant hand.
- Extend your index finger straight up.
- Keep your other fingers curled into your palm.
- Your thumb can be relaxed or tucked alongside your curled fingers.
- The palm of your hand should generally face forward, though slight variations are acceptable depending on context.
ASL Sign for ‘2’
The sign for ‘2’ involves a specific handshape and a subtle movement. It is characterized by two extended fingers.To form the sign for ‘2’:
- Use your dominant hand.
- Extend your index finger and your middle finger upwards.
- Keep your ring finger and pinky finger curled into your palm.
- Tuck your thumb against your palm or alongside your curled fingers.
- The movement for ‘2’ is typically a slight up-and-down flick of the wrist, or the fingers can remain stationary. The palm generally faces forward.
ASL Sign for ‘3’
The sign for ‘3’ in ASL utilizes a unique configuration of the thumb and fingers.To form the sign for ‘3’:
- Employ your dominant hand.
- Extend your thumb, index finger, and middle finger upwards.
- Curl your ring finger and pinky finger into your palm.
- The palm of your hand should face forward.
ASL Sign for ‘4’
The handshape for the ASL sign for ‘4’ is characterized by four extended fingers.To form the sign for ‘4’:
- Using your dominant hand, extend your index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and pinky finger straight up.
- Keep your thumb tucked against your palm or alongside your curled fingers.
- The palm of your hand typically faces forward.
ASL Sign for ‘5’
The sign for ‘5’ in American Sign Language is formed with all fingers extended.To form the sign for ‘5’:
- With your dominant hand, extend all five fingers straight up.
- Keep your thumb extended outwards, away from your palm, or slightly bent.
- The palm of your hand generally faces forward.
ASL Numbers 1-5 Reference Table
This table provides a quick overview of the handshapes and key characteristics for signing numbers 1 through 5 in ASL.
| Number | Handshape Description | Palm Orientation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Index finger extended up, other fingers curled. | Forward |
| 2 | Index and middle fingers extended up, other fingers curled. | Forward |
| 3 | Thumb, index, and middle fingers extended up, ring and pinky fingers curled. | Forward |
| 4 | Index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers extended up, thumb curled. | Forward |
| 5 | All five fingers extended up, thumb extended outwards. | Forward |
Demonstrating Numbers 6-10 in ASL
Now that you’re familiar with the foundational signs for numbers 1 through 5, we’ll build upon that knowledge to master the next set of numerical expressions in American Sign Language. This progression is crucial for developing fluency and accurately communicating larger quantities. We will explore the specific handshapes, movements, and orientations that define these essential signs.Understanding the nuances of these signs is key to clear communication.
As we move from 6 to 10, you’ll notice a consistent pattern of building upon the ‘5’ handshape and introducing specific movements that differentiate each number.
Transition from ‘5’ to ‘6’ in ASL
The sign for the number six in ASL is a direct extension of the ‘5’ handshape. To form the sign for ‘6’, begin with your dominant hand in an open ‘5’ handshape, palm facing forward. Then, bring your thumb down to touch your middle finger. This slight adjustment from the open ‘5’ handshape is the defining characteristic of the sign for six.
Movement and Finger Action for ‘7’ in ASL
The number seven in ASL utilizes a distinct finger action. Start with your dominant hand in an open ‘5’ handshape, palm facing forward. Then, curl your index finger and middle finger down towards your palm, while keeping your ring finger and pinky finger extended. The thumb remains extended. This creates a visual representation of the number seven.
Handshape and Orientation for ‘8’ in ASL
To sign the number eight in ASL, your dominant hand is positioned with your palm facing forward. Begin with an open ‘5’ handshape. Then, curl your index finger and middle finger down towards your palm, similar to the sign for seven. However, for ‘8’, the thumb is brought to touch the side of your index finger, and the ring finger and pinky finger are kept extended.
Hand Movement and Finger Spread for ‘9’ in ASL
The sign for nine in ASL involves a specific hand movement and finger spread. Start with your dominant hand in an open ‘5’ handshape, palm facing forward. Then, curl your index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and pinky finger down towards your palm, while keeping your thumb extended. The movement involves a slight flick or outward motion of the thumb.
Distinct Handshape and Movement for ’10’ in ASL
The number ten in ASL is a very distinct sign. Begin with your dominant hand in a closed fist, palm facing forward. Then, extend your index finger upwards, while keeping the rest of your fingers curled into your palm. The thumb also remains tucked in. A common variation involves a slight downward movement of the extended index finger.Here is a summary of the progression of these ASL number signs from 6 to 10:
- Number 6: Starts with an open ‘5’ handshape, palm forward, with the thumb touching the middle finger.
- Number 7: Begins with an open ‘5’ handshape, palm forward, with the index and middle fingers curled down towards the palm, while the thumb, ring, and pinky fingers remain extended.
- Number 8: Uses an open ‘5’ handshape, palm forward, with the index and middle fingers curled down, and the thumb touching the side of the index finger. The ring and pinky fingers are extended.
- Number 9: Starts with an open ‘5’ handshape, palm forward, with the index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers curled down towards the palm, and the thumb extended. A slight flick of the thumb is characteristic.
- Number 10: Features a closed fist with the index finger extended upwards, palm facing forward. The other fingers and thumb are tucked in.
Demonstrating Numbers 11-15 in ASL
In American Sign Language (ASL), numbers beyond ten build upon the foundational sign for ’10’. This systematic approach makes learning subsequent numbers more intuitive once the base signs are mastered. Understanding this pattern is key to efficiently expanding your ASL vocabulary for numerical representation.The transition from single-digit numbers to those in the teens involves a clever integration of the ’10’ sign.
For numbers 11 through 15, the process begins with the established sign for ’10’, followed by a specific modification to indicate the additional units. This creates a visual and logical progression that aids in recall and fluency.
Incorporating the Sign for ’10’ in Numbers 11-15
The sign for ’10’ in ASL is formed by holding your dominant hand in an ‘X’ handshape, with your thumb extended and touching your index finger, and then moving it downwards in a small, sharp motion. For numbers 11 through 15, this ’10’ sign is the starting point, and a subsequent, subtle change in handshape or movement is applied to represent the additional count.
This consistent use of the ’10’ sign as a base simplifies the learning process for this range of numbers.
The Sign for ’11’ in ASL
To sign ’11’ in ASL, you begin with the sign for ’10’. Then, maintaining the ‘X’ handshape (thumb touching the tip of the index finger), you will make a slight, repetitive shaking or wiggling motion from side to side. This subtle movement differentiates ’11’ from ’10’ and other numbers in this range.
The Sign for ’12’ in ASL
The sign for ’12’ in ASL also starts with the established sign for ’10’. After forming the ’10’ sign, you will then transition to a handshape where your index and middle fingers are extended and slightly bent, resembling a bent ‘V’. With this handshape, you will perform a small, repetitive up-and-down movement.
The Sign for ’13’ in ASL
To sign ’13’ in ASL, you first make the sign for ’10’. Following this, your dominant hand takes on a handshape where your thumb and pinky finger are extended, and your index, middle, and ring fingers are curled in. You then move this handshape in a small, repetitive up-and-down motion, similar to the movement for ’12’ but with a different hand configuration.
The Sign for ’14’ in ASL
The sign for ’14’ in ASL is distinct. You begin by forming the number ‘4’ handshape, where your index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers are extended upwards, and your thumb is tucked in. You then bring your thumb to touch the tip of your index finger, creating a unique configuration. This handshape is then moved with a small, repetitive side-to-side shake.
The Sign for ’15’ in ASL
For the sign ’15’ in ASL, you start with the sign for ’10’. After this initial sign, you will form the number ‘5’ handshape, with all fingers extended and spread apart, and the thumb extended. You then make a small, repetitive side-to-side shaking motion with this ‘5’ handshape.
Sequence of Signing Numbers 11-15
To practice signing these numbers in sequence, it is beneficial to perform them clearly and deliberately. Begin with ’11’, then move to ’12’, followed by ’13’, ’14’, and finally ’15’. Repeating this sequence multiple times will help solidify the handshapes, movements, and the transition from the ’10’ base.
- Start with the sign for ’11’: ’10’ sign followed by a side-to-side shake of the ‘X’ handshape.
- Proceed to the sign for ’12’: ’10’ sign followed by a bent ‘V’ handshape with an up-and-down motion.
- Continue with the sign for ’13’: ’10’ sign followed by the thumb and pinky extended handshape with an up-and-down motion.
- Next, sign ’14’: Form the unique ‘4’ handshape with the thumb touching the index finger, followed by a side-to-side shake.
- Conclude with the sign for ’15’: ’10’ sign followed by a ‘5’ handshape with a side-to-side shake.
Demonstrating Numbers 16-20 in ASL
Continuing our exploration of ASL numbers, we will now focus on the signs for 16 through 20. These numbers build upon the foundational handshapes introduced earlier, incorporating specific movements and orientations to differentiate each value. Understanding these nuances is crucial for accurate and fluid ASL communication.This section will detail the specific hand movements and configurations required to accurately represent the numbers 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 in American Sign Language.
Sign for 16 in ASL
The sign for the number 16 in ASL begins with the same handshape as the number 6, which is a relaxed hand with the thumb extended and the index and middle fingers slightly bent. The hand is then brought towards the chin with the palm facing the signer. A slight outward flick of the wrist or fingers indicates the value of 16.
This movement differentiates it from the sign for 6.
Sign for 17 in ASL
To sign 17 in ASL, start with the handshape of the number 7, where the thumb and pinky finger are extended, and the other fingers are curled into the palm. The hand is positioned near the chin, with the palm facing the signer. A gentle oscillating or shaking movement of the wrist, moving the hand side to side, signifies the number 17.
Sign for 18 in ASL
The sign for 18 in ASL utilizes the handshape of the number 8, characterized by extending the thumb and index finger in an ‘L’ shape while the other fingers are curled. The palm faces the signer, and the hand is positioned near the chin. A repeated, small circular motion or a back-and-forth movement of the wrist distinguishes the sign for 18.
Sign for 19 in ASL
For the number 19 in ASL, the handshape is similar to the number 9, where the thumb is extended and the index finger is bent, with the remaining fingers curled. The palm faces the signer, and the hand is brought towards the chin. A quick, sharp flick of the index finger outward, often accompanied by a slight facial expression, denotes the number 19.
Sign for 20 in ASL
The sign for 20 in ASL is distinct. It begins with a ‘B’ handshape, where all fingers are extended and together, and the thumb is tucked in. The palm faces outward, away from the signer. The hand then moves forward with a sharp, downward flick of the wrist, indicating the value of 20. This forward motion and wrist action are key to differentiating it from other signs.
Comparative Table of Numbers 16-20 in ASL
The following table highlights the key hand movements and orientations for numbers 16 through 20, emphasizing their similarities and differences.
| Number | Initial Handshape | Movement/Orientation | Distinguishing Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | Relaxed hand, thumb extended, index & middle fingers bent (like 6) | Palm facing signer, near chin, slight outward flick | Outward flick of wrist/fingers |
| 17 | Thumb and pinky extended, other fingers curled (like 7) | Palm facing signer, near chin, oscillating/shaking movement | Side-to-side wrist oscillation |
| 18 | Thumb and index finger extended (‘L’ shape), other fingers curled (like 8) | Palm facing signer, near chin, repeated small circular or back-and-forth motion | Repeated wrist motion |
| 19 | Thumb extended, index finger bent, other fingers curled (like 9) | Palm facing signer, near chin, quick sharp flick of index finger outward | Sharp outward index finger flick |
| 20 | ‘B’ handshape (all fingers extended, thumb tucked) | Palm facing outward, forward motion with sharp downward wrist flick | Forward motion and downward wrist flick |
Practice and Application of ASL Numbers
Mastering ASL numbers from 1 to 20 goes beyond rote memorization; it involves consistent practice and thoughtful application. This section will guide you through effective practice routines and suggest practical ways to integrate ASL numbers into your daily life, enhancing both your fluency and your ability to communicate effectively.
ASL Number Practice Routine
Developing a structured practice routine is key to solidifying your understanding and recall of ASL numbers 1-20. Consistency and varied practice methods will lead to greater proficiency.
Here are components of a comprehensive ASL number practice routine:
- Daily Repetition: Dedicate a few minutes each day to simply signing the numbers 1 through 20 in sequence, both forwards and backward.
- Flashcard Drills: Create or use digital flashcards with a numeral on one side and the corresponding ASL sign on the other. Practice recognizing the numeral and signing it, or seeing the sign and identifying the numeral.
- Randomized Practice: Once you are comfortable with the sequence, practice signing numbers randomly. Ask a friend to call out numbers, or use a random number generator.
- Contextual Signing: Practice signing numbers within simple phrases or sentences related to everyday situations.
- Video Review: Record yourself signing the numbers and compare your signs to those demonstrated by fluent ASL users. This helps identify any inaccuracies in handshape, movement, or orientation.
Everyday ASL Number Application Scenarios
Integrating ASL numbers into everyday conversations makes learning more engaging and practical. These scenarios provide opportunities to use your newly acquired skills.
Consider incorporating ASL numbers into the following common situations:
- Telling Time: When discussing appointments, meetings, or daily schedules, sign the hour and minute. For example, signing “3:15” for a meeting at quarter past three.
- Discussing Ages: When asking or stating someone’s age, use the appropriate number signs. For instance, signing “8” for an eight-year-old child.
- Counting Items: When referring to quantities of objects, whether it’s groceries, books, or people, use ASL numbers. For example, signing “5 apples” when referring to five apples.
- Giving Directions: When providing directions, numbers can be used to indicate distances or turns. For example, signing “turn left at the 3rd street.”
- Shopping: When discussing prices or quantities of items in a store, ASL numbers are essential. For example, signing “10 dollars” for an item’s cost.
Importance of Facial Expressions and Body Language in ASL Numbers
In ASL, non-manual markers (NMMs), which include facial expressions and body language, are crucial for conveying meaning and grammatical information. When signing numbers, these elements add clarity and nuance.
Facial expressions and body language play a vital role in ASL number communication:
- Emphasis: A slight nod or a more pronounced facial expression can emphasize a particular number, indicating its importance in the context.
- Clarity: While numbers themselves are typically signed with specific handshapes, a neutral or slightly engaged expression helps ensure the viewer focuses on the hand movements, preventing confusion.
- Tone: Subtle shifts in expression can convey different tones, such as excitement when discussing a birthday or a more serious tone when referring to a quantity of something important.
- Grammatical Function: In some contexts, facial expressions can indicate whether a number is being used as a quantity, an identifier, or part of a question. For instance, a raised eyebrow might accompany a number if it’s part of a question about quantity.
Counting Objects with ASL Numbers
The ability to count objects is a fundamental aspect of communication. ASL numbers are used directly to quantify items, making descriptions clear and concise.
Here’s how to count objects using ASL numbers, with examples:
- Single Object: To indicate one object, you would sign the number “1” and then the sign for the object. For example, to say “one book,” you would sign “1” followed by the sign for “book.”
- Multiple Objects: For quantities greater than one, sign the number followed by the object. For instance, to say “three cars,” sign “3” followed by the sign for “car.”
- Listing Objects: When listing several objects with quantities, sign the number and then the object for each item. For example, “2 apples, 5 bananas, 1 orange.”
When counting objects, the number sign typically precedes the noun it quantifies.
Signing Dates and Ages with ASL Numbers
ASL numbers are integral to conveying specific temporal information, such as dates and ages. Understanding how to combine number signs with other ASL signs for “month,” “day,” “year,” and “age” is essential.
Here’s how to sign dates and ages:
- Signing Dates: Dates are typically signed in a Month-Day-Year format. For example, to sign January 15, 2023:
- Sign the ASL sign for “January.”
- Sign the number “15.”
- Sign the number “23” (for the year 2023).
Note that for years, often only the last two digits are signed. For example, 1998 would be signed as “98.”
- Signing Ages: To sign an age, you sign the number followed by the ASL sign for “YEARS-OLD” or simply the number if the context is clear. For example, to sign “10 years old,” you would sign “10” followed by the sign for “YEARS-OLD.” If someone asks “How old are you?” and you are 7, you would sign “7.”
The ASL number signs for 1-20 are fundamental building blocks for expressing dates, ages, quantities, and much more.
Ultimate Conclusion
As we conclude our exploration of How to Count from 1 to 20 in ASL, we’ve equipped you with the knowledge and foundational techniques to confidently express numbers. From the initial simplicity of ‘1’ to the more intricate formations of ’20’, each sign has been presented with clarity and detail. Remember, consistent practice and application in real-world scenarios are key to truly internalizing these skills and enhancing your fluency.
We encourage you to integrate these number signs into your daily interactions, whether it’s counting objects, discussing dates, or sharing ages. The journey of learning ASL is ongoing, and mastering numbers is a significant and rewarding step. Continue to practice, engage with the language, and enjoy the expanded communication possibilities that ASL offers.